Le Kef

After our whirlwind tour of Bulla Regia, we jumped in the last louage out of Jendouba and made a b-line for Le Kef. We got to Le Kef about two hours before dark. Unfortunately, Le Kef isn’t a real tourist destination, especially in the winter. It took us about an hour to find a hotel. We finally did. It cost 36 Dinars for the three of us not including breakfast. Giovanna negotiated to get a TV with the room. It only received the national station. At least we could watch the special Ramadan soap operas that are shown just after sundown during the month of Ramadan. Right at Iftar, Heather and I went down on the street to an ATM. There NO traffic and there were NO people to be seen. Everyone was home breaking the fast while we were withdrawing 300 dinars to pay for the hotel bill and other upcoming expenses. Back in the hotel room, we spent the following few hours after sundown chilling out waiting for things to open back up.

Once people were back out on the street, we went out to try and find a restaurant that would serve us. After some sketchy situations, we finally found some at another hotel which wouldn’t give us a discount on a room earlier in the day. For starving vagabonds, it was good food.

The next morning we woke up to a lovely view. Le Kef looks out over the central Tell of Tunisia. Farmland stretches out on all sides from the city. The town’s name itself means “The Rock” which is appropriate because the whole town is built up the side of a mountain. We left the hotel, leaving our gear in the room, and explored the town.

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The view at night from our hotel room of the town. The Citadel is in the upper center of the image.

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This is one of the old Rroman baths complexes in Le Kef. As with almost every city/town/village/cluster of houses in Tunisia, Romans, Phoenicians, Libyo-Puncic tribes, Berbers, and a whole host of other people occupied them in the past. Le Kef is certainly no exception. This particular complex is in the middle of town and between five and ten meters below the current ground level. Houses were built right into the ruins, using parts of the old structure as structural supports. There are still a few buildings on the edges of the site that are supported partially by Roman columns and arches. why bother building new when you have old?

This particular site was free to visit. We gave the man who tends the site a tip for doing a good job of picking up the trash and making sure the site didn’t get overrun with squatters. He was pleased that we recognized his efforts.

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The electrical and telecommunications grid is supported by very small poles in Le Kef.

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Exploring the old Medina of Le Kef we found some chickens and turkeys destined for the dinner table.

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This is the local garbage truck. When all of the streets have stairs, a burro about the only way to do the job.

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Inside the Citadel, otherwise known as a Kasbah. It is the equivalent inner keep of a castle for a fortified Medina-style town or city.

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Need some coca cola delivered? This guy was coming down from the Berber villages that climb up the flank of the mountain. He seemed happy that we’d take interest in his job.

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This is the gate to the countryside. It literally goes from dense city and Medina to green pastures. Walking through the gate is quite the experience. Two Berber women that we met and Giovanna befriended walked through the gate ahead of us. They were headed up to the villages after a morning down in town.

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The countryside. There was a large, perfectly flat “field” to the right. Underneath several massive Roman cisterns still hold water that women use to wash laundry with. A wellhead and a staircase are all that betray the presence of the cavernous aquatic underworld above Le Kef.

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This is the route up to the Berber villages. I didn’t take any pictures of the villages or the people up on top with my camera. It was somewhat frowned upon by the inhabitants.

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After a long and exhausting three days and two nights on the road, we headed back to Tunis. My two traveling companions were rather tired. It was a good trip. We saw a lot and had some fun. Plus, we got out of Tunis for a few days. Too long in one place and I start to go stir crazy!

Ain Draham

Moving on from Tabarka, we wound our way up into the northwestern mountains of Tunisia. Known as the Kroumirie Mountains, its one of the few areas in Tunisia to get significant rainfall and, occasionally, snow! We stopped off at Ain Draham, the mountain station of Tunisia. The town sits at about 1000 meters nestled at the top of the pass on the road between Tabarka and Jendouba. Between Ain Draham and Tabarka, the road winds its way within about 500 meters of the border with Algeria. In Ain Draham, you can gaze across the valley to Algeria.

The entire region is filled with cork forests. We spied several trees that had been freshly harvested. To harvest the cork bark off of a cork tree, one makes a circular cut at the top and bottom of the trunk and one slit all the way down the length of the tree. Be sure to be careful not to cut all the way through the bark, as the inner layers transport nutrients up and down the trunk. I’m told that a cork tree can be harvested once every ten years or so.

In Ain Draham, our main goal was to see the women’s carpet cooperative that one of our guide books talked about. After some hiking around, we finally found it. The place mainly handles traditional Berber carpets with a few more modern designs. In the end, I bought a carpet and a bunch of carpet squares. Giovanna bought two carpets, some carpet squares, some knitted sweaters and gloves and hats and whatnot, and maybe a few other things. Heather bought some carpet squares and some knitted goods. We packaged all of the carpets together into a huge roll that just barely fit into a burlap feed sack. I lashed the roll under my backpack. Since we were taking louages everywhere, we had to be mobile. Looking back on it, we were rather insane. Those carpets must have weighed 20 kilos!

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The carpet cooperative.

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I worked with the women for a while. They seemed pretty happy that a foreign guy would be interested in how they make carpets.

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Me examining the carpets. I chose the smaller one. It now resides on my floor.

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What a great place to sit and stay a while.

Bulla Regia

Onward from Ain Draham, we went to Bulla Regia, arguably one of the most impressive Roman sites in North Africa. Unlike most other Roman sites, it is possible to walk into complete Roman rooms, including ceilings and mosaics! Unfortunately, as it was during Ramadan, we had an even hour to see the entire site. We left our bags in the ticket office and proceeded to sprint through the sprawling site. Somehow, in spite of the time crunch, we managed to see every single site in the complex, make it out before they locked the gates, get a taxi back into town, get a louage to Le Kef, and actually get out of Jendouba before sunset.  For those of you who have been to Jendouba, you know exactly why it is important to be out of Jendouba before sunset.

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The gates to Bulla Regia.

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This is where Giovanna said “Oh crap! This is a really big site and I only brought three rolls of film!”

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Inside our first Roman room.

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Those Roman carts sure made a lot of ruts in the Roman roads!

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The Memmian Baths.

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Local “wildlife”. Throughout the ruins there were flocks of sheep and the occasional cow grazing. Its a cheap form of grounds care and it supplements the guards’ income. Plus it makes for good pictures.

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These Roman houses really are underground! This house only had part of its ceiling intact. This is the Treasure House. When excavated, a horde of coins was discovered hidden in the ruins.

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By far, the most impressive house purely for the architecture, the House of the Hunt, has these very interesting and unique hexagonal “windows” in the support structure. The reasons behind this seem to be, aside from ascetics, more structural in nature. This design helps lighten the load carried by the columns and also helps deflect the weight to the columns rather than having an unsupported load in the middle of the span between columns. This house was also one of the most extensive with areas for sleeping, eating, hanging out, and other such underground activities.

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One of our guides/guards. He showed us around a few of the underground villas and splashed water on the mosaics to make the colors more vivid.  It probably isn’t the best for preserving the mosaics, but it made for stunning photos!  We gave him a two or three Dinar tip.

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This is the House of Amphitrite. When Bulla Regia was excavated a rather disturbing discovery was made in this house. The archaeologists found a skeleton tied to a chair with an iron ring around its neck inscribed “Adulterous prostitutes: hold me, because I ran away from Bulla Regia.” We didn’t observe any prostitutes in Bulla Regia the day we visited. However, the guide did show us the penis carved in relief on a rock wall indicating the direction to the old whore house. This indication of the direction to the brothel is not unique to Bulla Regia. I personally observed the same symbol at the Roman site of Mustis just north of the present-day town of Krib.

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Walking through the Forum.

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Outside of the Theater. I personally think that this one is much more impressive than the one at Dougga for the structural engineering that went into it. Also, its very complete and has only had minor preservation work done to the structure.

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Temple of Isis.

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In the belly of the Memmian Baths complex.

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Giovanna decided she wanted a picture up on the baths. She saw one of the guards up there earlier so she figured it wouldn’t be hard to get up there. It wasn’t. Good thing she didn’t let her fear of heights get to her because it was a long way down!

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Bye bye Bulla Regia!